Common Use

Sustiva, also known by its generic name efavirenz, is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV-1 infection. It belongs to a class of drugs called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), which help reduce the amount of HIV in the body by blocking the enzyme the virus needs to replicate. Sustiva is often used as part of combination therapy with other HIV medications to effectively lower the viral load, improve immune function, and reduce the risk of HIV-related complications. While Sustiva is not a cure for HIV or AIDS, it helps manage the condition, allowing individuals to live healthier lives and lowering the chances of transmitting the virus.

Dosage and Direction

Sustiva is usually taken once daily, ideally at bedtime, as directed by your healthcare provider. Taking it at bedtime may help reduce some side effects, such as dizziness or drowsiness. It is recommended to take Sustiva on an empty stomach, as food can increase the concentration of the medication in the blood, raising the risk of side effects. It’s important to swallow the capsule or tablet whole, without crushing or chewing it, to ensure proper absorption.

Adhere to the dosing schedule provided by your doctor and avoid missing doses, as consistent use helps keep the viral load under control. If you have any questions about how to take Sustiva, consult your healthcare provider. Do not adjust the dosage or stop taking Sustiva without medical advice, as this may lead to drug resistance.

Precautions

Before starting Sustiva, inform your doctor about your medical history, particularly if you have liver disease, mental health conditions like depression or anxiety, or a history of drug or alcohol abuse. Sustiva can sometimes cause mood changes or worsen existing mental health issues, so monitoring for any new or worsening symptoms is essential. Liver function tests may be recommended, as Sustiva can affect liver health, especially in individuals with a history of liver problems or hepatitis B or C.

Pregnant women should use Sustiva with caution, as it may harm the unborn child, especially in the first trimester. It is important to use effective birth control while taking Sustiva, as this medication can reduce the effectiveness of hormonal birth control methods. Breastfeeding is generally not recommended for individuals with HIV due to the risk of passing the virus to the baby.

Contraindications

Sustiva is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to efavirenz or any of its ingredients. It should not be used by people with severe liver disease, as it can exacerbate liver conditions. Additionally, individuals taking medications that interact negatively with Sustiva, such as certain antifungals or sedatives, should avoid this medication unless advised by their doctor.

Possible Side Effects

Common side effects of Sustiva include dizziness, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, and difficulty concentrating. Some individuals may also experience skin rash, which is usually mild and goes away on its own. Taking the medication at bedtime can help minimize these effects. Additionally, Sustiva may cause vivid dreams or mood changes, including anxiety or depression. If these symptoms persist or worsen, consult your doctor.

Serious but rare side effects include liver problems, which may present with symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, severe abdominal pain, or loss of appetite. Sustiva can also lead to severe allergic reactions or skin reactions, such as blisters or peeling skin. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.

Drug Interaction

Sustiva can interact with various medications, so it’s essential to inform your doctor of all drugs you are currently taking, including over-the-counter medications and supplements. Certain medications, like antifungal drugs (e.g., voriconazole), sedatives, and anticonvulsants, may increase the risk of side effects when taken with Sustiva or decrease the effectiveness of either medication. Some antidepressants and cholesterol-lowering drugs may also interact with Sustiva.

Hormonal birth control methods, such as pills or patches, may be less effective while taking Sustiva, so using an additional non-hormonal form of birth control, like condoms, is recommended. Avoid consuming St. John’s Wort, as it can significantly reduce the effectiveness of Sustiva.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of Sustiva, take it as soon as you remember unless it is close to the time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one, as this can increase the risk of side effects. Staying consistent with the medication schedule helps keep the virus under control and reduces the risk of resistance.

Overdose

In case of an overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of a Sustiva overdose may include severe dizziness, confusion, trouble sleeping, and hallucinations. Overdosing on Sustiva can lead to serious complications, particularly related to mental and neurological effects, so prompt medical care is essential.

Storage

Store Sustiva at room temperature, between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F), away from light and moisture. Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children and pets.

How it Works

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